|
A neutral country in a particular war is a sovereign state which officially declares itself to be neutral towards the belligerents. A non-belligerent state does not need to be neutral. The rights and duties of a neutral power are defined in Sections 5〔(Second Hague Convention, Section 5 )〕 and 13〔(Second Hague Convention, Section 13 )〕 of the Hague Convention of 1907. A ''permanently neutral power'' is a sovereign state which is bound by international treaty to be neutral towards the belligerents of all future wars. An example of a permanently neutral power is Switzerland. The concept of neutrality in war is narrowly defined and puts specific constraints on the neutral party in return for the internationally recognised right to remain neutral. ''Neutralism'' or a "neutralist policy" is a foreign policy position wherein a state intends to remain neutral in future wars. A sovereign state that reserves the right to become a belligerent if attacked by a party to the war is in a condition of armed neutrality. ==Rights and responsibilities of a neutral power== Belligerents may not invade neutral territory,〔Hague Convention, §5 Art.1〕 and a neutral power's resisting any such attempt does not compromise its neutrality.〔Hague Convention, §5 Art.10〕 A neutral power must intern belligerent troops who reach its territory,〔Hague Convention, §5 Art.11〕 but not escaped prisoners of war.〔Hague Convention, §5 Art.13〕 Belligerent armies may not recruit neutral citizens,〔Hague Convention, §5 Art.4,5〕 but they may go abroad to enlist.〔Hague Convention, §5 Art.6〕 Belligerent armies' personnel and material may not be transported across neutral territory,〔Hague Convention, §5 Art.2〕 but the wounded may be.〔Hague Convention, §5 Art.14〕 A neutral power may supply communication facilities to belligerents,〔Hague Convention, §5 Art.8〕 but not war material,〔Hague Convention, §13 Art.6〕 although it need not prevent export of such material.〔Hague Convention, §13 Art.7〕 Belligerent naval vessels may use neutral ports for a maximum of 24 hours, though neutrals may impose different restrictions.〔Hague Convention, §13 Art.12〕 Exceptions are to make repairs—only the minimum necessary to put back to sea〔Hague Convention, §13 Art.14〕—or if an opposing belligerent's vessel is already in port, in which case it must have a 24-hour head start.〔Hague Convention, §13 Art.16〕 A prize ship captured by a belligerent in the territorial waters of a neutral power must be surrendered by the belligerent to the neutral, which must intern its crew.〔Hague Convention, §13 Art.3〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Country neutrality (international relations)」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
|